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QUICK FACT GUIDES FOR MACHINISTS
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GUIDES
FUNDAMENTALS OF
DRILLING & TAPPING
FUNDAMENTALS
OF THREADING ON A LATHE
FUNDAMENTALS OF
WORKING BETWEEN CENTERS FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TREATING
FUNDAMENTALS
OF MILLING
FUNDAMENTALS
OF SAWING
METALWORKING
SHOP TERMS
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COUNTERBORE & COUNTERSINK TERMS: ACTUAL SIZE: The
actual measured diameter of a counterbore, often somewhat larger than the
nominal diameter. AXIAL RAKE: The
angle between a plane containing the cutting face, or tangent to the cutting face at a given point, and the axis of
an angularity fluted counterbore. AXIAL RELIEF: The
relief measured in the axial direction between a plane perpendicular to the axis
and the relieved surface. AXIS: The
imaginary straight line which form the longitudinal centerline of a counterbore.
BLADE: A
tooth or cutting device inserted in a counterbore body. BODY DIAMETER CLEARANCE: That portion of the land that has been cut away so it will not rub
against the walls of the hole. CLEARANCE:
The space provided behind the cutting edge or margin to eliminate undesirable
contact between the counterbore and the workpiece. CLEARANCE DIAMETER: The
diameter over the cutaway portion of the counterbore lands. COUNTERBORE CUTTER:
A detachable cutting portion of an interchangeable counterbore. COUNTERBORING:
A method of enlarging portions of previously formed holes. CUTTER DIAMETER:
The diameter over the margins of a counterbore measured at the cutting end. CUTTING EDGE: The
leading edge of the land in the direction of cutting. END RELIEF:
See preferred term Axial Relief. FEED: The
axial advance in inches per revolution of a counterbore with respect to the
workpiece. FLUTE LENGTH:
The length of the flutes of a counterbore, not including the cutter sweep or the
pilot. FLUTED HOLDER: A
fluted holding or driving member for a counterbore cutter in an interchangeable
counterbore FLUTES:
Helical or straight grooves, cut or formed in the body of a counterbore to
provide cutting lips, to permit the passage of chips and to allow cutting fluid
to reach the cutting lips. GAGE LINE: The
axial position on a taper where the diameter is equal to the basic large end
diameter of the specified taper. HEEL: The
trailing edge of the land in the direction of rotation for cutting. 300 HELICAL FLUTES: Flutes
which are formed in a helical path around the axis of a counterbore. HELICAL RAKE: The
angle between a plane tangent to the cutting face at a given point on the
cutting edge, and the counterbore axis. HELIX ANGLE: The
angle which a helical cutting edge at a given point makes with an axial plane
thru the same point. HOLDER: Applied to an
interchangeable type of counterbore, the extended mounting and holding member
for the cutting element, or counterbore cutter. LAND:
The section of a counterbore between adjacent flutes. LAND CLEARANCE:
See preferred term Body Diameter Clearance. LAND WIDTH: The
distance between the leading edge and the heel of the land measured at a right
angle to the leading edge. LIP RELIEF:
The axial relief on the end teeth of a counterbore. LIP RELIEF ANGLE:
The axial relief angle on the end teeth of a counterbore. It is the angle
between a plane perpendicular to the axis and the relieved surface. LIPS: The
end cutting edges of a counterbore, extending from the outside diameter to the
pilot diameter or the pilot hole. MARGIN:
The cylindrical portion of the land which is not cut away to provide clearance. NECK:
A section of reduced diameter connecting shank to body, or connecting other
portions of a counterbore. NEGATIVE RAKE:
Describes a cutting face in rotation whose cutting edge lags the surface of the
cutting face. PRIMARY RELIEF: The
relief immediately behind the cutting edge or margin. Properly called Relief.
PROJECTED LENGTH: The
total distance the end face of the cutting element of a counterbore extends from
the end of the machine spindle. RADIAL RAKE ANGLE: The
angle in a transverse plane between a straight cutting face and a radial line
passing thru the cutting edge. RADIAL RELIEF: Relief
in a radial direction measured in the plane of rotation. It can be measured by
the amount of indicator drop at a given radius in a given amount of angular
rotation. RAKE: The
angular relationship between the tooth face, or a tangent to the tooth face at a
given point, and a given reference plane or line. RELIEF:
The result of removal of tool material behind or adjacent to the cutting edge to
provide clearance and prevent rubbing (heel drag). RELIEF ANGLE: The
angle formed between a relieved surface and a given plane tangent
to a cutting edge or to a point on the cutting edge. SHANK :
The portion of a counterbore by which it is held and driven. SOCKET:
The tapered hole in a spindle, sleeve or counterbore holder, designed to
receive, hold, and drive a tapered shank. SPIRAL ANGLE: See
preferred term Helix Angle. SPIRAL FLUTES:
See preferred term Helix Flutes. SPOTFACING: The
operation of producing a usually flat surface at the terminal of, and normal to
the axis of a previously made hole. STEP COUNTERBORE: A
counterbore designed to produce in one operation, two or more counterbored
diameters and seats at different axial locations. STOP COLLAR:
A solid or adjustable collar on the counterbore body or holder for controlling
the depth of the counterboring of a hole. STRAIGHT FLUTE: A
flute which forms a cutting edge lying in an axial plane. See Flutes. SUBLAND COUNTERBORE: A
type of step counterbore which has independent sets of lands in the same body
section for each diameter. TANG: The
flatted end of a taper shank which fits in a slot in the socket. TANG DRIVE: Two
opposite parallel driving flats on the extreme end of a straight shank. TAPER SHANK: A
shank made to fit a specified (conical) taper socket. |
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Copyright © 2002 QUICK FACT GUIDES FOR MACHINISTS
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